Notes on Flow through Open Channel: Formula, Alternative Methods and Examples! Introduction to Open Channel: An open channel means a passage through which water flows with its surface freely exposed to the atmosphere. The water at its surface is at atmospheric pressure throughout. The channel may be open or may be provided with a cover or top. In case the [...]
Centrifugal Pump : Notes, Application, Methods, Principle and Diagram! Notes on Centrifugal Pump: While a turbine is a device to convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy, a pump is a device to convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. A centrifugal pump acts as a reversed turbine except that in this device special modifications are made to increase the efficiency. Centrifugal [...]
The different methods available for measuring water in open channels may be grouped as: 1. Velocity-area methods, and 2. Direct discharge methods. 1. Velocity-Area Methods: In these methods the velocity of flow in the channel is measured by some means and the discharge is calculated from the velocity and the area of cross-section by using Q=AV. The common methods for [...]
The important methods that are available for drilling tubewells are as follows: 1. Percussion Drilling (Also Known as Cable Tool Method), further classified as: (i) Hand boring by rope or rod, and (ii) Mechanical boring with power rigs. 2. Rotary Drilling, further classified as: (i) Direct circulation hydraulic rotary, (ii) Reverse circulation hydraulic rotary, and (iii) Rotary-air percussion drilling. 3. [...]
Several methods are available for measuring flow in pipes. Only a few of them which can be used on the farm are discussed here: 1. Volumetric Measurements: Flow measurements by this method are made by measuring the time required for the flow to fill a container of known volume. Volume divided by time is equal to the rate of flow. [...]
Everything you need to learn about designing and constructing tubewells. Design of Wells: The design of a tubewell includes decision on: 1. Location of the well, 2. Type of well, 3. Method of construction, 4. Selection of the strata to be screened, length, diameter and material of the screen in case of strainer wells, 5. Diameter, size of slots and [...]
Groundwater management involves the planning and operation of the groundwater resources to provide safe and reliable water supplies. In groundwater management the factors that need to be considered include aquifer yield, recharge, water quality, socioeconomic and legal factors. Groundwater Basins and Safe Yield: The occurrence and movement of groundwater is confined to independent hydrologic units known as groundwater basins. Groundwater [...]
Water lifting devices are used both in irrigation and drainage. When the sources of irrigation is at a higher level than the field to be irrigated (e.g. reservoirs) water flows by gravity to the field to be irrigated. This is known as flow irrigation. When the source is at a lower level than the area to be irrigated, the water [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Total Head in a Centrifugal Pump Installation 2. Net Positive Suction Head 3. Power Requirements of Pumping 4. Selection of Centrifugal Pumps 5. Specific Speed of Centrifugal Pumps 6. Affinity Laws 7. Installation of Centrifugal Pumps 8. Operation of Centrifugal Pumps 9. Common Troubles of Centrifugal Pumps Installation. Contents: Total Head in [...]
Large irrigation projects have been constructed all over the world for the purpose of irrigating agricultural lands through gravity flow systems. These projects usually consist of one or more storage reservoirs, diversion structures, canals and related structures, outlets and finally drainage facilities. The reservoirs constructed could also serve the purpose of flood control and hydroelectric power generation in which case [...]