Substitutes or Alternatives of Bricks used for Construction in India! According to one study, our country needs about 60 billion bricks every year and if no suitable substitute is found out, this would exhaust about 1600 x 106 kN of clay fields or other agricultural land annually. It will thus make barren about 3000 hectares of fertile land. The extent [...]
Learn about the comparison or differences between clamp-burning and kiln burning of bricks. Comparison # Clamp-Burning: 1. Capacity: About 20000 to 100000 bricks can be prepared at a time. 2. Cost of Fuel: Low as grass, cow dung, litter, etc. may be used. 3. Initial Cost: Very low as no structures are to be built. 4. Quality of Bricks: The [...]
The upcoming discussion will update you about the difference between fat lime and hydraulic lime. There are mainly two varieties of limes, namely, fat lime and hydraulic lime. Difference # Fat Lime: 1. Composition: It is obtained from comparatively pure carbonate of lime containing only 5 per cent of clayey impurities. 2. Slaking Action: It slakes vigorously. Its volume is [...]
In this article we will discuss about: 1. General Properties of Engineering Materials 2. Physical Properties of Engineering Materials 3. Mechanical Properties. General Properties of Engineering Materials: The economists mainly concerned with the industries manufacturing engineering materials are interested in finding out ways in which the engineering materials can be used or applied in the best economic way. The economist should [...]
Following are the qualities or characteristics or requirements properties of a good building stone: 1. Crushing Strength: For a good structural stone, the crushing strength should be greater than 100 N/mm3. The approximate values of crushing strength of some of the stones are shown in table 2-1. 2. Appearance: The stones which are to be used for face work should [...]
The following tests are conducted for determining the qualities of a good building stone! (1) Acid test (2) Attrition test (3) Crushing test (4) Crystallisation test (5) Freezing and thawing test (6) Hardness test (7) Impact test (8) Microscopic test (9) Smith's test (10) Water absorption test. Each of these test will now be briefly described. 1. Acid Test: In [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Tools for Blasting 2. Materials for Blasting 3. Process of Blasting 4. Precautions. Tools for Blasting: Following tools are required in the process of blasting: (1) Dipper: This is shown in fig. 2-5 and it is used to drill a hole to the required depth. (2) Jumper: This is shown in fig. [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Definition of Quarrying 2. Sites for Stone Quarrying 3. Important Considerations 4. Methods. Definition of Quarrying: The process of taking out stones from natural rock beds is known as the quarrying. The term quarry is used to indicate the exposed surface of natural rocks. The stones, thus obtained, are used for various [...]
List of Engineering Materials and their Properties! Engineering Material # 1. Abrasives: An abrasive is a substance which is used to remove excess material by cutting. It polishes soft material and gives it an attractive appearance. The abrasives are the hardest materials. They are used for the engineering purpose in the following forms: (i) As abrasive papers or cloths, (ii) As [...]
Few Examples of Engineering Materials! Example # 1. Fuels: These are the substances which are capable of creating heat energy. Such energy can then be put to some engineering or industrial use. The industrial fuels usually contain the elements of carbon and hydrogen. When oxygen of the air chemically combines with these elements, the heat is generated. This generation of [...]