In this article we will discuss about turbulent flow in pipes. Also learn about its equations and theories. Introduction to Turbulent Flow: There are two types of flow-namely laminar flow and turbulent flow. We know in laminar flow, the fluid particles have an orderly motion along stream lines. As the rate of flow is increased […]
Turbulent Flow in Pipes: Intro, Velocity Distribution (With Equations and Theories) | Fluid Mechanics
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Turbine: Performance, Model Testing, Speed, Model Testing and Characteristic Curves | Fluid Mechanics
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In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Performance of a Turbine under Unit Head 2. Specific Speed of Turbine as a Type Number 3. Model Testing 4. Characteristic Curves. Performance of a Turbine under Unit Head: In the studies of comparison of the performances of turbines of different output, and speeds and different heads, […]
Measurements of Water Level: Methods, Velocity ,Discharge and Instruments | Fluid Mechanics
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Measurements of Water Level: Methods, Velocity ,Discharge and Instruments . In this article we will discuss about the various devices and instruments used in the measurements of water levels, velocity and discharge. Water Level Measurements: The gauges used for water level measurements may be classified into: (i) Non-self-registering gauges, and (ii) Self-registering gauges. The non-self-registering […]
Forces Exerted by Moving Fluid on Immersed Bodies: Drag and Lift and Submerged Objects| Fluid Mechanics
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When a body is placed in a moving fluid, a force is exerted on the body by the moving fluid. Similarly when a body moves within a fluid at rest then also a force is exerted on the body by the fluid. Motion of submarines, torpedos and aeroplanes are examples of this kind. Consider a […]
Comparison between Reaction and Impulse Turbines | Fluid Mechanics
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Learn about the comparison between reaction and impulse turbines. Comparison # Reaction Turbine: 1. Only a part of the available total head is converted into kinetic head after the water enters the wheel. 2. The velocity and pressure change as the water flows through the wheel. 3. The wheel is always full of water. Water […]
Impact of Jet on a Plate or Vane: Notes and Viva Questions| Fluid Mechanics
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Impact of Jet on a Plate or Vane: Notes and Viva Questions. Introduction to Jet: A jet of water issuing from a nozzle has a velocity and hence it possesses a kinetic energy. If this jet strikes a plate then it is said to have an impact on the plate. The jet will exert a […]
Hydraulic Turbines: Lecture Notes, Suitability, Runaway Speed and Draft Tube| Fluid Mechanics
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Hydraulic Turbines: Lecture Notes, Suitability, Runaway Speed and Draft Tube. [With equations and examples] Note # 1. Introduction to Hydraulic Turbines: A hydraulic turbine is a prime mover which converts a substantial part of the potential and kinetic energy of flowing water to mechanical energy. Water stored in high level reservoirs like dams has enormous […]
Radial Flow Turbines: Outward and Inward Flow Reaction Turbines (With Examples) | Fluid Mechanics
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Radial Flow Turbines: Outward and Inward Flow Reaction Turbines (With Examples) The Outward Flow Reaction Turbine: This turbine consists of a cylindrical disc mounted on a shaft and provided with vanes around the perimeter. At inlet water flows into the wheel at the centre and then glides through radially provided fixed guide vanes and then […]
Comparison between Francis and Kaplan Turbines | Fluid Mechanics
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Learn about the comparison between Francis and Kaplan turbines. Comparison # Kaplan Turbine: 1. Kaplan turbine is a compact unit. 2. For a given head and output Kaplan turbine runs at a higher speed. 3. This is an axial flow turbine. 4. This turbine has a small number of blades (generally 4). 5. Loss of […]
Centrifugal Pump : Notes, Application, Methods, Principle and Diagram
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Centrifugal Pump : Notes, Application, Methods, Principle and Diagram! Notes on Centrifugal Pump: While a turbine is a device to convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy, a pump is a device to convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. A centrifugal pump acts as a reversed turbine except that in this device special modifications are made […]