These cast irons have high abrasion-resistance, and can be readily cast in shapes required in machinery used for crushing and grinding, etc. Abrasion-resistance increases with the increase of hardness due to the increase of the volume of the eutectic carbides (alloy eutectic carbides are much harder than iron carbide). The must element chromium prevents the formation of graphite during solidification [...]
The equipment used to transform iron into steel by removing the impurities is called a converter. The first converter was developed by Bessemer and since then many other processes have also been developed. 1. The Bessemer Process: An Englishman, Henry Bessemer, first invented the Bessemer converter in 1856. The converter is a steel container, shaped like a concrete mixer, lined [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Meaning of Cast Iron 2. Melting of Pig Iron to form Cast Iron 3. Production of Different Grades of Cast Iron and their Physical Properties 4. Heat Treatment 5. Important Properties. Meaning of Cast Iron: Pig iron on account of its impurities is very weak and cannot be shaped into different articles [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Preparation of Wrought Iron 2. Properties of Wrought Iron 3. Uses. Preparation of Wrought Iron: It is prepared from pig iron by burning out C, Si, Mn, P and sulphur in a puddling furnace. So wrought iron is a purer form of pig iron. Pig iron contains 6% or more of these [...]
Iron has got the following three allotropic forms of crystal at different temperatures. When iron is heated from normal temperature to high temperature (molten state), it undergoes all the allotropic forms. 1. Alpha Iron: It occurs from normal temperature of 910°C and has got body-centred cubic lattice crystals. (a) Ferromagnetic alpha iron which occurs from normal temperature to 770°C. (b) [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Meaning of Pig Iron 2. Impurities in Pig Iron and their Effects 3. Distinction of Pig Iron from Cast Iron. Meaning of Pig Iron: All iron produced in blast furnace whether in molten state or cast into pigs is called pig iron. Iron ore, coke and limestone are charged into a blast [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to Iron Ore Deposits 2. Overview of the Iron Ore Group 3. Iron Ores of the Singhbhum Era. Introduction to Iron Ore Deposits: Rich iron ore deposits of high grade where the iron percentage is more than 60 per cent, eastern India account for more than half of the total current [...]
Here is an essay on the iron ore deposits in India which have been broadly divided into the following six groups on the basis of their modes of occurrence and origin. Essay on Iron Ore Deposits in India Essay # 1. Banded Iron Formations of Precambrian Age (BIF): The BIF deposits are very well developed in India. Most of the [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to Banded Iron-Formations 2. Regional Geologic Distribution of Banded Iron-Formations 3. Ages of Precambrian Banded Iron-Formations. Introduction to Banded Iron-Formations: Banded iron-formations are rocks of mostly Precambrian age that are composed of interlaminated quartz and iron minerals. They can be subdivided into two varieties: 1. Algoma deposits, which are relatively small [...]
Here is an essay on the ‘Iron Ore Deposits in India’ especially written for school and college students. Essay on the Iron Ore Deposits in India The large deposits of iron ore are mainly confined to the states of Jharkhand, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka and Goa. However relatively smaller yet important deposits are found in the states of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, [...]