In this article we will discuss about how to maintain roads. Maintenance of Highway: A well-constructed highway that is designed for a particular category would need minimum maintenance. The nature and extent of maintenance needed would depend on the degree of deterioration of the pavement, the most common road characteristic used to assess this being the 'roughness'. It is generally [...]
Sewer appurtenances are those structures and devices of a sewerage system which are constructed at suitable intervals along a sewer line to assist in the efficient operation and maintenance of the system. Following are the important sewer appurtenances: 1. Inlets 2. Catch Basins or Catch Pits 3. Clean-Outs 4. Manholes 5. Drop Manholes 6. Lamp-Holes 7. Flushing Devices 8. Grease [...]
While designing the inverted siphon the following points should be considered: (1) Construction of inverted siphon should be simple. (2) Changes of direction in inverted siphons should be easy and gradual. (3) For trouble free working self-cleansing velocities should be provided in the siphon. The velocity in siphon should not be generally less than 1 m/s. (4) To ensure self-cleansing [...]
In this article we will discuss about the classification, dimensions and component parts of a manhole. Classification and Dimensions of Manholes: Manholes are classified according to depth as: (i) Shallow manholes, (ii) Normal manholes, and (iii) Deep manholes. (i) Shallow Manholes: Shallow manholes are those which are about 0.75 to 0.90 m in depth. These manholes are of rectangular shape [...]