In chlorination method of disinfection chlorine (or its compounds) is used as disinfectant. Chlorine is an element, having the symbol CI with an atomic weight of 35.45, melting point -101.5°C and boiling point 34.5°C. Gaseous chlorine is greenish yellow in colour and is approximately 2.5 times heavier than air. Under pressure, it is a liquid with an amber colour and [...]
A rapid sand filter (gravity type) consists of the following parts: 1. Enclosure Tank: It is an open watertight rectangular tank constructed of stone or brick masonry or concrete. The depth of the tank is about 2.5 to 3.5 m. The surface area of the tank may vary from 10 to 50 m2. Thus depending on the total surface area [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to Economic Operation of Power Plants 2. Methods of Loading Turbo-Alternators 3. Distribution of Load between Generating Units 4. Economic Load Neglecting Transmission Losses 5. Optimum Economic Operation 6. Economic Load Distribution between Different Plants in an Integrated System and Other Details. Introduction to Economic Operation of Power Plants: A modern [...]
There are two ways in which three-phase system can be operated and they are: 1. Isolated Neutral or Ungrounded Systems 2. Grounded Neutral Systems. Way # 1. Isolated Neutral or Ungrounded Systems: The main feature of an ungrounded system is its ability, in some cases, to clear earth faults without interruption. The self-clearing feature disappears when the length of the [...]