In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to Flexible AC Transmission Systems 2. Concept and Objective of FACTS 3. General Symbols 4. Types of FACTS Controllers 5. Types of FACTS Compensators 6. Structure and Characteristics. Contents: Introduction to Flexible AC Transmission Systems Concept and Objective of FACTS General Symbols for FACTS Controllers Types of FACTS Controllers Types of [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to Flexible AC Transmission Systems 2. Concept and Objective of FACTS 3. General Symbols 4. Types of FACTS Controllers 5. Types of FACTS Compensators 6. Structure and Characteristics. Contents: Introduction to Flexible AC Transmission Systems Concept and Objective of FACTS General Symbols for FACTS Controllers Types of FACTS Controllers Types of [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Functional Control Mode of UPFC 2. Operating Modes of UPFC 3. Control System. Functional Control Mode of UPFC: i. Shunt Controller: a. Reactive (VAR) control side b. Automatic voltage control mode ii. Series Convector: a. Direct voltage injection mode b. Line impedance compensation mode c. Bus voltage regulation and control mode d. [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Meaning of DVR 2. Basic Configuration of DVR 3. DVR Characteristics 4. Equations 5. Operating Mode 6. Voltage Injection Methods. Contents: Meaning of DVR Basic Configuration of DVR DVR Characteristics Equations Related to DVR Operating Mode of DVR Voltage Injection Methods of DVR 1. Meaning of DVR: Among the power quality problems [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to Distributed Generation 2. Perspectives on Interconnection of Distributed Generation 3. Advantages 4. Disadvantages. Introduction to Distributed Generation: The distributed generation uses smaller-sized generators than does the typical central station plant. They are distributed throughout the power system closer to the loads. The normal distribution system delivers electric energy through wires [...]
Before discussing the method of determination of the most economical working voltage for transmission of electrical power we will discuss here the advantages and limitations of high voltage transmission. The advantages of adopting high voltage for transmission are given below: (i) With the increase in transmission voltage the size of the conductor (area of x-section of the core carrying the [...]
DC transmission possesses many technical and economic advantages over ac transmission. Some of the advantages are given below: Advantage # 1. Cheaper in Cost: Bipolar HVDC transmission lines require two-pole conductors while ac system requires 3 conductors to carry power. HVDC transmission can utilize earth return and, therefore, does not require a double circuit while EHV-AC transmission always requires a [...]
HVDC transmission is a strong alternative to EHV-AC transmission in some of the applications such as long distance high power transmission by overhead lines, under water transmission, transmission by underground cables, system interconnection by means of overhead lines or underground cables or back-to-back HVDC coupling stations, frequency conversion (50/60 Hz) and hence preferred. On the basis of applications, HVDC transmission [...]
The high voltage dc links may be classified into: 1. Monopolar Link 2. Bipolar Link 3. Homopolar Link. Type # 1. Monopolar DC Link: As the name suggests, monopolar link has only one conductor and return path is provided by permanent earth or sea. The line usually operates with negative polarity with respect to ground so as to reduce corona [...]
Modern trend is to use extra high voltage (EHV) and ultra-high voltage (UHV) for transmission of huge blocks of power over long distances. The reasons for adopting of EHV/UHV range for transmission purposes are given below: 1. Reduction of Electrical Losses, Increase in Transmission Efficiency, Improvement of Voltage Regulation and Reduction in Conductor Material Requirement: For transmission of given amount [...]