Following tests are carried out in the chemical examination of water: 1. Presence of Solids 2. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 3. Chemical Oxygen Demand 4. Stability and Relative Stability 5. Chlorides and Sulphides 6. Chlorine Demand 7. Nitrogen 8. Determining pH-Value 9. Grease, Oil and Fats. Test # 1. Presence of Solids: It is most essential to know the quantity of [...]
Here is a compilation of essays on ‘Distribution System of Water’ for class 9, 10, 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘Distribution System of Water’ especially written for school and college students. Essay on Distribution System of Water Essay Contents: Essay on the Meaning of Distribution System Essay on the Classification of Distribution System Essay on [...]
Here is a compilation of essays on ‘Water Supplies in Rural Areas’ for class 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘Water Supplies in Rural Areas’ especially written for school and college students. Essay on Water Supply in Rural Areas Essay Contents: Essay on the Introduction to Water Supplies in Rural Areas Essay on [...]
In this article we will discuss about the suitability of surface water with regard to quantity and quality. Rainfall directly affects the quantity of surface water. As the rainfall is not uniform throughout the year, the quantity of surface water also has large variations. The discharge in rivers and streams remains maximum in rainy season and minimum in summer. If [...]
In this article we will discuss about the calculation of ground water yield with formula. When the water enters in the ground, it starts filling its pores. When all the voids of pores are filled with water, the soil is known as saturated soil or saturated formation. When the ground water soaked by the soil is drained or taken out [...]
The measurement of an open well yield can be determined by the following method: 1. Actual Pumping Method 2. By Theoretical Calculations. 1. Actual Pumping Method: The yield of well is determined by pumping out water from it. In this method first the water is withdrawn from the well at very high rate, then the rate of pumping is reduced [...]
In this article we will discuss about the infiltration galleries and calculation of its yield. Infiltration Galleries: Ground water travels towards lakes, rivers or streams. This water which is travelling can be intercepted by digging a trench or by constructing a tunnel with holes on sides at right angle to the direction of flow of underground water. These underground tunnel [...]
In this article we will discuss about the design of open wells with the help of suitable diagrams. 'Draw Wells' or Open Wells are shallow wells which are usually confined to soft ground, sand and gravel. The diameter of these wells may be between 1 m to 4 m and depth may be up to 20 metres depending on the [...]
In this article we will discuss about the determination of reservoir capacity with the help of hydrograph and mass-curve. Determination of Reservoir Capacity with the Help of Hydrograph: This method is not common in determining the capacity of the reservoir to be constructed. In the method the stream flow data at the site of the reservoir arc determined. In case [...]
The continuous flow type of sedimentation tanks are widely adopted at present and hence, it becomes essential to study in detail some of the design aspects of these tanks. Following are the aspects of continuous flow sedimentation tanks: 1. Velocity of Flow 2. Capacity of Tank 3. Miscellaneous Considerations. 1. Velocity of Flow: The velocity of flow of water in [...]