The forging processes may be classified into following types: 1. Open Die Forging 2. Closed Die Forging 3. Impression Die Forging 4. Upsetting and Swaging 5. Rotary Swaging. 1. Open Die Forging: In open die forging, the work piece is deformed between two flat or simple-curved dies. There is free flow of material in the lateral direction. The only hindrance [...]
In this article we will discuss about how to analyze plain strain compression in forging process of metals. Compression with Coulomb Friction: In slab method of analysis it is assumed that plane sections before the deformation remain plane during deformation. The non-uniformity in metal flow as described above is not taken into account. Nevertheless, the method is highly useful because [...]
In this article we will discuss about how to analyze compression of circular disc in forging operations of metals. Equilibrium Equation with Slab Method: In this method it is assumed that plane sections remain plane during compression and any non-uniformity in deformation is neglected. Also it is assumed that the material is rigid perfectly plastic and effects of strain hardening [...]
Many researchers have made use of Upper-bound theorem for solution of forging, extrusion, wire and tube drawing etc. In forging alone there are a large number of papers. It is not possible to describe all of them, it is rather difficult even to give references of all of them. Here we mention a few fundamental ones only. Avitzur has given [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Introduction to Forging 2. Temperature Range for Forging 3. Advantages and Disadvantages 4. Guidelines 5. Open Die Forging 6. Operation 7. Closed Die Forging Die Design 8. Characteristics 9. Defects 10. Forces 11. Forces. Contents: Introduction to Forging Temperature Range for Forging Characteristics of the Forged Parts Guidelines for Forging Open Die [...]
The following points highlight the top nine methods adopted for forging. The methods are: 1. Drop Forging 2. Press Forging 3. Hammer and Press Forgings 4. Hot Bar Forging 5. Upset Forging 6. Electrical Upset Forging 7. Swing Forging 8. Cored Forging 9. Rotary Forging. Method # 1. Drop Forging: The difference between drop forging and smith forging is that [...]
Forging hammers are commonly used for impression-die forging and can be used for a variety of forging operations. In forging hammers a heavy ram containing the upper die is lifted by steam pressure or air pressure, then driven or allowed to fall on the workpiece which is placed on the bottom die, which in turn is supported on the anvil. [...]
In this article we will discuss about the general design consideration in forging of metals. Factors Influencing the Design of a Forging: The various factors which require due consideration and which influence the design of a forging are: (i) Shape and size, (ii) Grade and composition of metal, (iii) Quantity required, (iv) Subsequent processing and heat-treatment, and (v) End use. [...]