In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Definition of Hot Working 2. Methods of Hot Working 3. Factors Affecting 4. Advantages 5. Disadvantages. Definition of Hot Working: Mechanical working of metals can be carried out in the form of either hot working or cold working. Working above the recrystallization temperature (lower critical temperature) but below the burning point is [...]
For hot rolling of metals they are first cast into ingot moulds of suitable form (rectangular, square or round). The size of ingot depends upon the metal to be cast and the end-product desired. For hot rolling, the ingot is removed from the mould after solidification when it is hot and placed in the gas fired furnace called soaking pits. [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Definition of Extrusion 2. Ways to Extrude Metals 3. Characteristics 4. Forces 5. Design Considerations 6. Extrusion Speeds, Temperatures and Pressures. Definition of Extrusion: Extrusion is defined as the process of pushing the heated billet or slug of metal through an orifice provided into a die, thus forming an elongated part of [...]
The following points highlight the top three methods adopted for the hot working process of metals. The methods are: 1. Piercing 2. Drawing or Cupping and Bending 3. Hot Spinning. Method # 1. Piercing: Piercing process is employed for the production of seamless tubes. It offers the most economical mechanical working process for the manufacture of seamless tubes. It consists [...]
The frictional force of the rolls on the material acts in the direction of material movement on the entry side of the neutral point, but on the exit side of the neutral point the frictional force of the rolls on the material acts in the reverse direction of the material movement as shown in Fig. 5.2. It is difficult to [...]