Tool geometry concerns with the basic tool angles, i.e. angles ground on tool to make it efficient in cutting. A single point tool has only one cutting edge and is most widely used in industries. It is designed with sharp edges to minimize rubbing contact between tool and work-piece.
Factors like cutting tool life, surface finish on work-piece, force required to shear a chip are affected by variations in shape of cutting tool. Such a tool is available in two forms. In one form it is solid tool and in the other form it is a tipped tool. The tip is either brazed or mechanically held on an alloy steel shank.
i. Shank:
It is the body of the tool or that part on which cutting edge is formed. If the tool is of insertion type, then shank is that part in which cutter is inserted.
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ii. Nose:
Sometimes, it designates the cutting edge but particularly it relates to the top of cutting edge which is usually given a radius and seldom it is like a sharp point.
iii. Face:
It is that part against which chips are beared.
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iv. Base:
It is the support of tool shank.
v. Flank:
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It is the end surface, i.e. adjacent to the cutting edge and below it, when the tool is in horizontal position.
vi. Nominal Size of Tool:
It is expressed by width and height of the shank and the tool length.