An orifice may be defined as an opening provided in the side or bottom of a tank, for the purpose of discharging the liquid contained in the tank. It should be noted that the opening will be considered as an orifice only when the liquid surface in the tank is above the upper edge of the opening. Orifices may be [...]
Classification or Types of Notches and Weirs in Fluid Mechanics. A notch means an opening provided in the side of a tank, such that the opening extends even above the free surface of the liquid in the tank. It is in a way, a large orifice having no upper edge. A notch is generally meant to measure the flow of [...]
Dimensional Analysis of a Fluid: Methods, Equations, Buckingham pi Theorem and Table! [with solved examples] Dimensional Homogeneity of an Equation-Dimensional Analysis: An equation is said to be dimensionally homogeneous if the dimensions of every term on each side of the equation are identical. Every equation representing a physical phenomenon derived from an analytical approach will satisfy this condition. Such equations [...]
Model Analysis in Fluid Mechanics: Application, Examples, Selection, Similarity, Prototype and Laws. [with solved examples, solutions, formula and equations] Introduction to Model Analysis: In recent years, hydraulic model studies are being made in the study and analysis of many problems in fluid mechanics. A hydraulic problem may of course be analysed by analytical methods, but these analytical methods involve a [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Laminar Incompressible Flow in a Circular Pipe 2. Laminar Incompressible Flow in a Pipe of Varying Diameter 3. Two-Dimensional Laminar Flow between Two Parallel Plates. [with solved examples] Laminar Incompressible Flow in a Circular Pipe: Fig. 11.6 shows a horizontal circular pipe of radius R conveying a viscous incompressible fluid of viscosity [...]
Flow through Pipes in Series and Parallel: Difference Diameters, Equations and Solved Problems! Pipe in Series: Pipes are said to be in series if they are connected end to end (in continuation with each other) so that the fluid flows in a continuous line without any branching. The volume rate of flow through the pipes in series is the same [...]
In this article we will discuss about turbulent flow in pipes. Also learn about its equations and theories. Introduction to Turbulent Flow: There are two types of flow-namely laminar flow and turbulent flow. We know in laminar flow, the fluid particles have an orderly motion along stream lines. As the rate of flow is increased a stage is reached in [...]
Rise in Pressure of Water Flowing in a Pipe: Diameter, Flow Rate, Chart Effects, Relation and Velocity . In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Pressure Rise due to Valve Closure - Water Hammer 2. Pressure Rise due to Gradual Valve Closure (Rigid Column Theory) 3. Instantaneous Valve Closure — Elastic Water Column Theory 4. Pressure Rise due to [...]
Hydraulic Jump: Formula, Rectangular, Triangular Channel and Table! The Hydraulic Jump or Standing Wave: We know that for a given discharge per unit width of a channel, for a given value of the specific energy head E there can be two possible depths of flow d1 and d2. For instance corresponding to specific energy head E = OG [Fig. 14.82], [...]
Notes on Flow through Open Channel: Formula, Alternative Methods and Examples! Introduction to Open Channel: An open channel means a passage through which water flows with its surface freely exposed to the atmosphere. The water at its surface is at atmospheric pressure throughout. The channel may be open or may be provided with a cover or top. In case the [...]