The following points highlight the five important modes used for conveyance of water to the city. The modes are: 1. Open Channels 2. Aqueducts 3. Tunnels 4. Flumes 5. Pipes. Mode # 1. Open Channels: These are occasionally used to convey the water from the source to the treatment plant. These can be easily and cheaply constructed by cutting in [...]
Various types of joints which are mostly used in pipes are as follows: 1. Spigot and Socket Joint 2. Expansion Joint 3. Flanged Joint 4. Mechanical Joints 5. Flexible Joint 6. Screwed Joint 7. Collar-Joint 8. Joint for A.C. Pipes. Type # 1. Spigot and Socket Joint: Sometimes this is called bell and spigot joint. This type of joint is [...]
Following types of pipes are commonly used for conveyance of water: 1. Cast-Iron Pipes 2. Wrought Iron Pipes 3. Steel Pipes 4. Concrete Pipes 5. Cement-Lined Cast-Iron Pipe 6. Asbestos Cement Pipe 7. Copper and Lead Pipes 8. Wooden Pipes 9. Plastic Pipes 10. Vitrified Clay Pipes. Type # 1. Cast-Iron Pipes: Cast-iron pipes are mostly used in water supply [...]
In this article we will discuss about the hydrostatic and leakage tests performed for newly laid pipes. Hydrostatic Test: After laying the new pipe line, jointing and back filling, it is subjected to the following tests: (i) Pressure test at a pressure of at least double the maximum working pressure-pipe and joints shall be absolutely watertight under the test. (ii) [...]